Unwanted hair can be a problem for both males and females causing embarrassment, especially facial hair for women. Most other techniques for hair removal are short lived and may be expensive.

Technique

The hair growth cycle involves 3 stages, the active growth phase, the resting phase and the shedding phase. The laser only works on the active phase of growth and as this may vary from individual hair follicles the treatment may have to be repeated several times.

The laser emits energy of a particular wave length which is absorbed by the pigment found in hair. The thermal energy is then transmitted via the hair follicle down the hair shaft and causes irreversible damage to the growth centre or hair follicle. The root of the hair therefore stops growing and the hair may come out immediately or within the first 21 days. Various laser systems may be used, the commonest being ruby lasers, large Nd- YAG laser and Alexandrite lasers.

Length of Operation

Initially a test patch is carried out to determine the amount of stinging effect felt during a procedure as the hair evaporates when exposed to laser energy. This is left for 6-8 weeks to see if there are any unwanted side effects. Some discomfort may persist and if this is a particular problem a local anaesthetic gel can be applied. The length of treatment depends on the area covered. Treatment is normally carried out at intervals of 4-8 weeks depending on the area treated.

Time in Hospital

It is normally done as an out-patient and therefore no time off work is necessary.

Risks and Complications

Treatment does not normally work on very blond, white or grey hair due to the lack of pigment. It should not be used in the ears or the nose due to potential damage of surrounding tissues. The area to be treated should have recently been shaved so only a small amount of hair is visible. It is important not to have undergone any other form of hair removal 6 weeks prior to the treatment.

Occasionally blistering or skin depigmentation (lightening may occur). This is normally short lived but occasionally can be long term. This is due to underlying damage to the melanin in the skin.

Any moles in the treated area or freckles may become darker as a result of the treatment and therefore these are normally covered during the treatment.

One should avoid any form of sun exposure or tanning treatment prior to laser removal by using a total sun block for UVA and UVB.

Photosensitisation (skin irritation) may occur when the laser is used on patients taking certain medications. It is advisable to check whether the medication you are on can result in photosensitisation prior to treatment. Special care should be taken in pigmented skin.

Outcome and Prognosis

At least 3 treatments are normally recommended. The treatment is rarely permanent as hair follicles can remain dormant and then enter an active growth pattern. A significant reduction in hair growth is seen by the majority of patients. If regrowth occurs the hair is finer and less dense. Repeat treatments may be required several times a year.